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	<title>Module Lost &#187; debian</title>
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		<title>Debian: Synchronizing server time with NTP</title>
		<link>http://www.modlost.net/home/article/debian-synchronizing-server-time-with-ntp.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.modlost.net/home/article/debian-synchronizing-server-time-with-ntp.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Mar 2010 02:59:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Abner</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Information Technologies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[debian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.modlost.net/home/?p=606</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It&#8217;s a good practice to have all the servers synchronized with the same date &#38; time, no matter what servers you&#8217;re using (windows, linux, mac, aix, etc). It&#8217;s a quite simple configuration to avoid any kind of problems related with time, some applications specify this requirement other don&#8217;t so please don&#8217;t wait until you have [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It&#8217;s a good practice to have all the servers synchronized with the same date &amp; time, no matter what servers you&#8217;re using (windows, linux, mac, aix, etc). It&#8217;s a quite simple configuration to avoid any kind of problems related with time, some applications specify this requirement other don&#8217;t so please don&#8217;t wait until you have problems to apply this simple config.</p>
<p>Configuring <a href="http://www.debian.org" target="_blank">Debian GNU/LiNUX</a> to use a public <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol" target="_blank">NTP</a> Server is simple, just do this:</p>
<pre>$ sudo aptitude install ntpdate</pre>
<p>The ntpdate package includes the file /etc/if-up.d/ntpdate that runs /usr/bin/ntpdate-debian after an interface (eth0, eth1, etc.) is up so you won&#8217;t have to worry about configuring this synchronizing process to run automatically. Let&#8217;s run it manually so we apply the time from the NTP Server right now:</p>
<pre>$ sudo ntpdate-debian
14 Mar 21:41:50 ntpdate[10808]: step time server 146.164.48.5 offset -0.589987 sec</pre>
<p>That&#8217;s it! This is the simple way but if you want to try a more advance config just read /usr/share/doc/ntpdate/README.Debian and /etc/default/ntpdate files in your server.</p>




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		<title>Debian GNU/LiNUX: Open LDAP</title>
		<link>http://www.modlost.net/home/article/debian-gnulinux-open-ldap.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.modlost.net/home/article/debian-gnulinux-open-ldap.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2009 04:42:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Abner</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Information Technologies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[debian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ldap]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.modlost.net/wordpress/?p=47</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[En esta oportunidad voy a mostrar lo fácil que es configurar un servidor LDAP en Debian. Para ello, continuaré usando el servidor de pruebas que configuramos en los artículos: Instalando Debian GNU/LiNUX 5.0 (Lenny) Completando la instalación Debian GNU/LiNUX 5.0 (Lenny) Nota: En este artículo asumo conocimiento previo de LiNUX y LDAP. Instalación Una vez [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>En esta oportunidad voy a mostrar lo fácil que es configurar un servidor LDAP en Debian. Para ello, continuaré usando el servidor de pruebas que configuramos en los artículos:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.modlost.net/home/articles/operating-systems/instalando-debian-gnulinux-50-lenny.html">Instalando Debian GNU/LiNUX 5.0 (Lenny)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.modlost.net/home/articles/operating-systems/completando-la-instalacion-debian-gnulinux-50.html">Completando la instalación Debian GNU/LiNUX 5.0 (Lenny)</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Nota: En este artículo asumo conocimiento previo de LiNUX y LDAP.</p>
<p><span id="more-47"></span></p>
<h3>Instalación</h3>
<p>Una vez más utilizaremos <a href="http://algebraicthunk.net/~dburrows/projects/aptitude/doc/en/">aptitude</a> para instalar los paquetes que necesitemos. Ejecutamos el siguiente comando:</p>
<pre>modlost@ironhide:~$ sudo aptitude install ldap-server phpldapadmin</pre>
<p>Tendremos que ingresar la contraseña del administrador del servidor LDAP durante la configuración del paquete ldap-server.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlennyldap/ldap-password.png" alt="" width="600px" /></p>
<p>Confirmamos la contraseña:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlennyldap/ldap-confirm-password.png" alt="" width="600px" /></p>
<p>Tomar en cuenta que durante la instalación se creará una base de datos LDAP en base al nombre de dominio que asignamos al servidor de pruebas.</p>
<h3>Administración</h3>
<p>Existen varias formas de administrar el servidor LDAP, por ejemplo: por línea de comandos, aplicaciones web y aplicaciones de escritorio. En nuestro caso usaremos una aplicación hecha en PHP llamada phpLDAPadmin que ya esta configurada y lista para usar ingresando a la siguiente ruta:</p>
<pre>http://virtualmachineip/phpldapadmin/</pre>
<p>Deben reemplazar virtualmachineip por el IP que tiene asignada la máquina virtual. En el artículo <a href="http://www.modlost.net/home/articles/operating-systems/completando-la-instalacion-debian-gnulinux-50.html">Completando la instalación Debian GNU/LiNUX 5.0 (Lenny)</a> encontrarás los pasos para obtener la IP.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlennyldap/ldap-phpldapadmin-login.png" alt="" width="600px" /></p>
<p>Haciendo click en el enlace &#8220;Login&#8230;&#8221; veremos que el &#8220;Login DN&#8221; ya se encuentra completado con el distinguish name del administrador del servidor LDAP. Ingresamos la contraseña que definimos en la instalación.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlennyldap/ldap-phpldapadmin-logadmin.png" alt="" width="600px" /></p>
<p>Ahora podemos ver claramente la estructura que se creo en la instalación del servidor LDAP. Esta aplicación web nos permitirá administrar nuestro servidor LDAP: consultar, crear, eliminar, actualizar, exportar, importar datos en la base de datos.</p>
<h3>Datos de prueba</h3>
<p>Preparando los datos de prueba para los siguientes artículos importaremos un grupo y un par de usuarios.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlennyldap/ldap-importbutton.png" alt="" width="600px" /></p>
<p>Seleccionando la opción &#8220;import&#8221;, podemos subir un archivo LDIFF o pegarlo directamente para importarlo. Ya que nuestros datos de prueba son pequeños solo pegaremos el siguiente LDIFF</p>
<pre>version: 1

dn: ou=groups,dc=modlost,dc=net
ou: groups
objectClass: top
objectClass: organizationalUnit
description: Groups

dn: cn=developers,ou=groups,dc=modlost,dc=net
objectClass: posixGroup
objectClass: top
cn: Developers
gidNumber: 2000
memberUid: modlost
memberUid: ssilva

dn: ou=people,dc=modlost,dc=net
ou: people
objectClass: top
objectClass: organizationalUnit
description: People

dn: uid=modlost,ou=people,dc=modlost,dc=net
cn: Abner Ballardo
objectClass: posixAccount
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
sn: Ballardo
uid: modlost
uidNumber: 2000
gidNumber: 2000
homeDirectory: /home/modlost

dn: uid=ssilva,ou=people,dc=modlost,dc=net
cn: Stephanie Silva
objectClass: posixAccount
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
sn: Silva
uid: ssilva
uidNumber: 2001
gidNumber: 2000
homeDirectory: /home/ssilva</pre>
<p>Haciendo click en el botón &#8220;Proceed &gt;&gt;&#8221; procedemos con importar la data.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlennyldap/ldap-upload.png" alt="" width="600px" /></p>
<p>Si todo ha sido satisfactorio obtendremos el siguiente reporte:</p>
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlennyldap/ldap-successful.png" target="_blank"><br />
<span style="color: #000000; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none;"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlennyldap/ldap-successful.png" alt="" width="600px" /></span></a></div>
<p>Excelente! Vamos a practicar un poco el uso de phpLDAPadmin signando una contraseña al usuario modlost, para ello hacemos click en &#8220;uid=modlost&#8221;</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlennyldap/ldap-basestruct.png" alt="" /></p>
<p>Hacemos click en &#8220;Add new attribute&#8221;.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlennyldap/ldap-addattribute.png" alt="" width="600px" /></p>
<p>Seleccionamos &#8220;userPassword&#8221;, ingresamos la contraseña y finalizamos haciendo click en el botón &#8220;Add&#8221;.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlennyldap/ldap-userpassword.png" alt="" width="600px" /></p>
<p>Probamos esta configuración, terminando la sesión actual para luego ingresar con el usuario modlost y la contraseña que acabamos de asignar:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlennyldap/ldap-logasmodlost.png" alt="" width="600px" /></p>
<p>Si logran ingresar habrán configurado satisfactoriamente la contraseña. Ahora tenemos un servidor LDAP con el cual jugar!!!!!!</p>




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		<title>Completando la instalación Debian GNU/LiNUX 5.0 (Lenny)</title>
		<link>http://www.modlost.net/home/article/completando-la-instalacion-debian-gnulinux-50.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.modlost.net/home/article/completando-la-instalacion-debian-gnulinux-50.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 14 Mar 2009 04:41:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Abner</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[debian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.modlost.net/wordpress/?p=44</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[En el artículo anterior Instalando Debian GNU/LiNUX 5.0 (Lenny), terminamos la instalación de un servidor de pruebas en una máquina virtual pero como se habrán dado cuenta no están instalados todos los paquetes que necesitamos para jugar con el. Por eso, en este artículo les mostraré como instalar y configurar algunos paquetes que considero indispensables [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>En el artículo anterior <a href="http://www.modlost.net/home/articles/operating-systems/instalando-debian-gnulinux-50-lenny.html">Instalando Debian GNU/LiNUX 5.0 (Lenny)</a>, terminamos la instalación de un servidor de pruebas en una máquina virtual pero como se habrán dado cuenta no están instalados todos los paquetes que necesitamos para jugar con el. Por eso, en este artículo les mostraré como instalar y configurar algunos paquetes que considero indispensables en todo GNU/LiNUX.</p>
<p>Nota: Asumo un conocimiento previo de Linux, VIM y BASH</p>
<p><span id="more-44"></span></p>
<p>Luego de finalizar la instalación de nuestro servidor de pruebas, podemos ingresar con el usuario administrador (root)</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-fix-05.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="277" /></p>
<p>Usando el editor de texto vi o nano podemos editar el archivo /etc/apt/sources.list y eliminamos todas las líneas que contengan &#8220;deb-src&#8221; y &#8220;deb cdrom&#8221;. En mi caso el archivo queda así:</p>
<pre>deb http://ftp2.de.debian.org/debian/ lenny main
deb http://security.debian.org/ lenny/updates main
deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile main</pre>
<p>Antes de comenzar a instalar debemos actualizar la lista de paquetes disponibles:</p>
<pre>ironhide:~# <strong>aptitude update</strong></pre>
<p>Usaremos el programa sudo para delegar accesos al usuario sin privilegios de administración, el que creamos durante la instalación de Debian Lenny. Para mayor información puede visitar el <a href="http://www.gratisoft.us/sudo/" target="_blank">website de sudo</a>:</p>
<pre>ironhide:~# <strong>aptitude install sudo</strong></pre>
<p>Para configurar sudo ejecutamos:</p>
<pre>ironhide:~# <strong>vi sudo</strong></pre>
<p>Se levantará un editor de textos (vi o nano) y modificamos la ultima línea:</p>
<pre># /etc/sudoers
#
# This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root.
#
# See the man page for details on how to write a sudoers file.
#

Defaults        env_reset

# Host alias specification

# User alias specification

# Cmnd alias specification

# User privilege specification
root    ALL=(ALL) ALL

# Uncomment to allow members of group sudo to not need a password
# (Note that later entries override this, so you might need to move
# it further down)
<strong>%sudo ALL=NOPASSWD: ALL</strong></pre>
<p>Guardamos los cambios. Agregamos el usuario sin privilegios de administración al grupo sudo:</p>
<pre>ironhide:~# <strong>adduser modlost sudo</strong></pre>
<p>Luego, instalaremos el servidor SSH ya que es más flexible (en mi opinión) usar un cliente SSH del sistema operativo host para administrar nuestro servidor de prueba que usar la consola en la maquina virtual.</p>
<pre>ironhide:~# <strong>aptitude install ssh</strong></pre>
<p>Necesitamos obtener el IP del servidor de pruebas, para ello ejecutamos este comando:</p>
<pre>ironhide:~# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0c:29:91:79:90
          inet addr:<strong>172.16.234.128</strong>  Bcast:172.16.234.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe91:7990/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:11037 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:6299 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:13688669 (13.0 MiB)  TX bytes:519837 (507.6 KiB)
          Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000 

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:560 (560.0 B)  TX bytes:560 (560.0 B)</pre>
<p>Cerramos la sesión con el usuario root y usando el cliente SSH que prefieran (PuTTY en Windows o el comando ssh en GNU/LiNUX o Mac) nos conectamos al servidor de pruebas.</p>
<div><a href="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/mac-sshclient.png" target="_blank"><br />
<img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/mac-sshclient.png" alt="" width="600px" /><br />
</a></div>
<p>Finalmente, instalaremos los siguientes programas:</p>
<ul>
<li>Vi IMproved &#8211; enhanced vi editor: Esta variedad de VI tiene más funcionalidades que la versión instalada por defecto.</li>
<li>Apache HTTP Server &#8211; traditional non-threaded model: El popular servidor web.</li>
<li>PHP5: El popular lenguaje script.</li>
<li>MySQL Database Server: El popular servidor de base de datos.</li>
</ul>
<p>Con los comandos:</p>
<pre>modlost@ironhide:~$ <strong>sudo aptitude install vim apache2-mpm-prefork php5</strong>
modlost@ironhide:~$ <strong>sudo aptitude install mysql-server php5-mysql</strong></pre>
<p>Durante la instalación de MySQL se solicitará ingresar la contraseña de usuario administrador (root) de la base de datos:</p>
<div><a href="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/mysql-password.png" target="_blank"><br />
<img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/mysql-password.png" alt="" width="600px" /><br />
</a></div>
<p>Confirmamos la contraseña</p>
<div><a href="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/mysql-confirm-password.png" target="_blank"><br />
<img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/mysql-confirm-password.png" alt="" width="600px" /><br />
</a></div>
<p>Todo esta instalado y solo falta configurar VIM un poco para que sobresalte con colores y que tome en cuenta que uso una consola con fondo negro. Estas y otras mejoras las obtenemos modificando el archivo de configuración:</p>
<pre>modlost@ironhide:~$ sudo vi /etc/vim/vimrc</pre>
<p>Quitamos los comentarios de las siguientes lineas resaltadas (en vimrc los comentarios comienzan con comillas dobles)</p>
<pre>" All system-wide defaults are set in $VIMRUNTIME/debian.vim (usually just
" /usr/share/vim/vimcurrent/debian.vim) and sourced by the call to :runtime
" you can find below.  If you wish to change any of those settings, you should
" do it in this file (/etc/vim/vimrc), since debian.vim will be overwritten
" everytime an upgrade of the vim packages is performed.  It is recommended to
" make changes after sourcing debian.vim since it alters the value of the
" ‘compatible‘ option.

" This line should not be removed as it ensures that various options are
" properly set to work with the Vim-related packages available in Debian.
runtime! debian.vim

" Uncomment the next line to make Vim more Vi-compatible
" NOTE: debian.vim sets ‘nocompatible‘.  Setting ‘compatible‘ changes numerous
" options, so any other options should be set AFTER setting ‘compatible‘.
"set compatible

" Vim5 and later versions support syntax highlighting. Uncommenting the next
" line enables syntax highlighting by default.
<strong>syntax on</strong>

" If using a dark background within the editing area and syntax highlighting
" turn on this option as well
<strong>set background=dark</strong>

" Uncomment the following to have Vim jump to the last position when
" reopening a file
<strong>if has("autocmd")
  au BufReadPost * if line("‘\"") &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; line("‘\"") &lt;= line("$")
    \| exe "normal! g‘\"" | endif
endif</strong>

" Uncomment the following to have Vim load indentation rules and plugins
" according to the detected filetype.
<strong>if has("autocmd")
  filetype plugin indent on
endif</strong>

" The following are commented out as they cause vim to behave a lot
" differently from regular Vi. They are highly recommended though.
<strong>set showcmd            " Show (partial) command in status line.
set showmatch          " Show matching brackets.
set ignorecase         " Do case insensitive matching
set smartcase          " Do smart case matching
set incsearch          " Incremental search</strong>
"set autowrite          " Automatically save before commands like :next and :make
"set hidden             " Hide buffers when they are abandoned
"set mouse=a            " Enable mouse usage (all modes) in terminals

" Source a global configuration file if available
" XXX Deprecated, please move your changes here in /etc/vim/vimrc
if filereadable("/etc/vim/vimrc.local")
  source /etc/vim/vimrc.local
endif</pre>
<p>Guardamos los cambios y podemos continuar jugando con nuestro servidor de pruebas con Debian GNU/LiNUX 5.0 &#8211; Lenny</p>




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		<title>Instalando Debian GNU/LiNUX 5.0 (Lenny)</title>
		<link>http://www.modlost.net/home/article/instalando-debian-gnulinux-50-lenny.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.modlost.net/home/article/instalando-debian-gnulinux-50-lenny.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 14 Mar 2009 04:37:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Abner</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Information Technologies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[debian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.modlost.net/wordpress/?p=40</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Hace unos días decidí probar el instalador gráfico de Debian GNU/LiNUX 5.0 &#8211; Lenny y quedé gratamente sorprendido porque ahora todo es más fácil y simple que nunca. Ya parece muy lejano el tiempo cuando instalar Debian era una tarea algo simple para expertos pero muy complicada para novatos. Con este nuevo instalador ahora tenemos [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hace unos días decidí probar el instalador gráfico de Debian GNU/LiNUX 5.0 &#8211; Lenny y quedé gratamente sorprendido porque ahora todo es <span style="font-weight: bold">más</span> fácil y simple que nunca. Ya parece muy lejano el tiempo cuando instalar Debian era una tarea algo simple para expertos pero muy complicada para novatos.</p>
<p>Con este nuevo instalador ahora tenemos disponible un practico botón para guardar screenshots, así que aprovechando esta característica me decidí a escribir un mini artículo de instalación. No busco detallar los pasos para instalar un servidor de producción, sino mi intensión es brindar una guía para instalar un servidor de pruebas en una máquina virtual. Con servidor de pruebas quiero decir un servidor donde podamos jugar con base de datos, ldap servers, web servers, etc.</p>
<p>Nota: En este artículo asumo un conocimiento previo de linux.</p>
<p><span id="more-40"></span></p>
<h3>Comenzando la instalación</h3>
<p>Descargamos la imagen del CD del network install (netinst) desde aqui:</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><a href="#mce_temp_url#">http://www.debian.org/CD/netinst/</a></p>
<p>Esta imagen solo contiene el instalador y el sistema base, por eso pesa menos que el CD #1 de la distribución completa. Para este servidor de pruebas solo quiero descargar los paquetes que instalaré y netinst es una buena opción para lo que quiero hacer.</p>
<p>Podemos quemar esta imagen o usarla directamente como CD dentro de una maquina virtual. Debes asegurarte que el BIOS busque arrancar desde la lectora de CD&#8217;s  antes que otros dispositivos.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-01.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="375" /></p>
<p>Seleccionamos &#8220;Graphical Install&#8221; para iniciar la instalación.</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold">Idioma y Teclado</span></p>
<p>Prefiero usar el idioma ingles ya que algunas veces las traducciones pueden ser confusas con los términos castellanizados.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-02.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="375" /></p>
<p>Para seleccionar nuestra ubicación geográfica, escogemos la opción &#8220;otros&#8221;.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-fix-01.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="375" /></p>
<p>Buscamos Sudamérica.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-fix-02.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="375" /></p>
<p>Y luego podremos encontrar a Perú.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-fix-03.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="375" /></p>
<p>Seleccionamos el tipo de teclado, recuerden que para teclados en español tenemos dos opciones Spanish o Latin America.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-04.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="375" /></p>
<h3>Configuración de Red</h3>
<p>Indicamos el nombre del servidor de pruebas. Por ser un fanático de los Transformers todas mis PC&#8217;s y VM&#8217;s tienen nombre de Autobots o Decepticons. ¿Qué nombre escogerás?</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-05.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="375" /></p>
<p>Ingresamos el dominio al que va a pertenecer nuestro servidor de pruebas. No tiene que ser uno existente solo usen su imaginación.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-06.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold">Particionamiento </span></p>
<p>Ya que es un servidor de pruebas vamos a utilizar la opción de instalación más simple: &#8220;Usar el disco entero&#8221;, es decir, la instalación usará todo el espacio disponible en el disco y sobreescribirá cualquier información anterior.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-08.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="375" /></p>
<p>Seleccionamos el disco a particionar.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-09.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></p>
<p>Usaremos la opción más simple de patrones de particionamiento: &#8220;Todo en una sola partición&#8221;.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-10.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></p>
<p>El instalador realizará el particionamiento por nosotros, así que solo tenemos que continuar.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-11.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="375" /></p>
<p>Antes de aplicar los cambios se muestra un resumen de lo que se hará. Confirmamos los cambios y continuamos.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-12.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="375" /></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold">Instalación del Sistema Base</span></p>
<p>Luego de terminado el particionamiento, se instalará el sistema base.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-13.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="374" /></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold">Usuarios</span></p>
<p>Ingresamos el password del usuario administrador (root) de nuestro servidor de pruebas.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-14.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="375" /></p>
<p>Las buenas prácticas recomiendan usar un usuario sin privilegios de administración para realizar tareas cotidianas y solo usar el usuario root para las administrativas. Ingresamos el nombre de este usuario.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-15.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="375" /></p>
<p>También ingresamos el nombre de la cuenta de dicho usuario.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-16.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="375" /></p>
<p>Confirmamos la contraseña.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-17.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="375" /></p>
<h3>Mirrors</h3>
<p>Seleccionamos el país desde donde bajaremos los paquetes a instalar.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-18.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="375" /></p>
<p>Seleccionamos el servidor espejo dentro de ese país.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-19.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="375" /></p>
<p>Si en tu red tienes un servidor proxy, este es el momento de ingresar sus datos. De no tener un proxy lo dejamos en blanco.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-20.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="375" /></p>
<h3>Instalando paquetes</h3>
<p>Puedes apoyar a Debian brindando información de que paquetes instalas para así organizar mejor los paquetes dentro de los CD&#8217;s de la distribución. Como estamos instalando un servidor de pruebas no aceptamos la encuesta.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-21.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="355" /></p>
<p>En mi opinión no es necesario instalar el entorno gráfico un servidor de pruebas por eso solo dejo seleccionado la opción de sistema estándar. Si se sienten mas cómodos con un entorno gráfico pueden seleccionar &#8220;Desktop environment&#8221; pero como consecuencia tendrán que bajar más paquetes.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-fix-04.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="375" /></p>
<h3>Gestor de arranque</h3>
<p>Para arrancar Debian instalaremos Grub en el Master Boot Record.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-23.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="355" /></p>
<h3>¡Terminó a instalación!</h3>
<p>Finalmente el instalador nos indica que terminamos la instalación, el siguiente paso reinicia el servidor.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-24.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="367" /></p>
<p>Ya tenemos instalado Debian GNU/LiNUX 5.0 (Lenny). Seleccionamos la primera opción para que nuestro servidor de pruebas arranque.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-25.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="276" /></p>
<p style="text-align: left">Ahora tenemos nuestro servidor de pruebas listo para comenzar a jugar.</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2009/debianlenny/Debian-Lenny-fix-05.jpg" border="0" alt="" width="500" height="277" /></p>




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		<title>Debian, QEMU, MiNIX 3</title>
		<link>http://www.modlost.net/home/article/debian-qemu-minix-3.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.modlost.net/home/article/debian-qemu-minix-3.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 14 Apr 2006 16:51:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Abner</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Information Technologies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[debian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[unix]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.modlost.net/wordpress/?p=64</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Do you want to test MiNIX 3 (just for fun or duty)? ,&#8230; Using an emulator (virtual machine) is the easiest way to probe this OS. My favorite GNU/LiNUX distribution is Debian and that&#8217;s the reason why this steps are for Debian (Etch). First of all, we need to download MiNIX image from here. As you [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Do you want to test MiNIX 3 (just for fun or duty)? ,&#8230; Using an emulator (virtual machine) is the easiest way to probe this OS.</p>
<p><span id="more-64"></span></p>
<p>My favorite GNU/LiNUX distribution is Debian and that&#8217;s the reason why this steps are for Debian (Etch).</p>
<p>First of all, we need to download MiNIX image from <a href="http://www.minix3.org/download/" target="_blank">here</a>. As you will see, there are three ISO&#8217;s:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>IDE CD-ROM</strong>: Use this if your CD-ROM device is connected to a master or slave IDE</li>
<li><strong>USB CD-ROM</strong>: Use this if your CD-ROM device is connected to a USB port</li>
<li><strong>USB Memory Stick</strong>: Use this if you want to boot MiNIX from a popular USB key</li>
</ul>
<p>Download IDE CD-ROM (QEMU can emulate an IDE CD-ROM) and move it to an appropriate place, please be neat!</p>
<pre><code>$ mkdir -p ~/work/minix
$ cd ~/work/minix
$ wget --tries=inf http://cd.minix3.org/download/IDE-3.1.1.iso.bz2
$ bunzip2 IDE-3.1.1.iso.bz2
$ ls
IDE-3.1.1.iso
</code></pre>
<p>It&#8217;s time to install QEMU and apt-get (aptitude) is a nice tool for this purpose (I assume that you have configured /etc/apt/sources.list)</p>
<pre><code># aptitude install qemu
</code></pre>
<p>We need a place to install MiNIX and QEMU allows us to create a virtual disk. How much space do we need? well, it depends of what you are planning to do with MiNIX,&#8230; I think 128MB is enough (Full instalation required 68MB without /home).</p>
<pre><code>$ cd ~/work/minix
$ qemu-img create minix.img 128M
Formating 'minix.img', fmt=raw, size=131072 kB
</code></pre>
<p>Go ahead! and start QEMU using the IDE-3.1.1.iso like CD-ROM and minix.img like hard disk (hda). Ah! don&#8217;t forget to boot from CD-ROM (for more information &#8216;man qemu&#8217;)</p>
<pre><code>$ qemu -hda minix.img -cdrom IDE-3.1.1.iso -boot d
</code></pre>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img class="aligncenter" title="Image" src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2006/minix_first_boot.jpg" border="0" alt="Image" hspace="6" width="600" height="352" align="middle" /></p>
<p>That&#8217;s all,&#8230; now read the instructions of how to install MiNIX. Feel confident to install, re-install,&#8230; you are installing into a virtual hard disk! (In this version of MiNIX, the installation is more friendly than old versions).</p>
<p align="center">
<p style="text-align: center;"><img class="aligncenter" title="Image" src="http://www.modlost.net/home/images/stories/articles/2006/minix_installation.jpg" border="0" alt="Image" hspace="6" width="600" height="352" align="middle" /></p>
<p>After installing MiNIX in your virtual hard disk, you have to shutdown MiNIX (stop QEMU) and start QEMU again but with this options:</p>
<pre><code>$ qemu -hda minix.img -cdrom IDE-3.1.1.iso -boot c
</code></pre>
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		<title>GNU Emacs in X Window or Xorg</title>
		<link>http://www.modlost.net/home/article/gnu-emacs-in-x-window-or-xorg.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.modlost.net/home/article/gnu-emacs-in-x-window-or-xorg.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 25 Mar 2006 17:06:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Abner</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Information Technologies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[debian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.modlost.net/wordpress/?p=71</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[You can change some visual characteristics of Emacs creating ~/.Xresources file (in your home directory). For example: !Change default window size Emacs.geometry: 80x60+0+0 !Change font type and size Emacs*Font: -adobe-courier-medium-r-normal--12-120-75-75-m-70-iso8859-1 !Disable the toolbar Emacs*toolBar: 0 !Colors Emacs.background: white Emacs.foreground: black If you want to know all the font types available in your system use xlsfonts. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
You can change some visual characteristics of Emacs creating ~/.Xresources file (in your home directory). For example:
</p>
<pre><code>!Change default window size
Emacs.geometry: 80x60+0+0
!Change font type and size
Emacs*Font: -adobe-courier-medium-r-normal--12-120-75-75-m-70-iso8859-1
!Disable the toolbar
Emacs*toolBar: 0
!Colors
Emacs.background: white
Emacs.foreground: black
</code></pre>
<p>
If you want to know all the font types available in your system use xlsfonts. To enable this configuration you have two options: restart the X Window/Xorg or execute this
</p>
<pre><code>$ cd
$ xrdb .Xresources
</code></pre>
<p>
Any other customization on Emacs goes in ~/.emacs configuration file. You can write your own configuration by hand or using M-x customize-variable. An example?,&#8230; take a look to my own <a href="http://www.modlost.net/index.php?option=com_content&#038;task=view&#038;id=2&#038;Itemid=36">&#8220;dot emacs&#8221;</a>.</p>




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